Comparing Cardinal Richelieus Practice of Ruler Ship to...

Some regard nineteenth century France to be the France of Napolà ©on Bonaparte and, in the same respect, it can be argued that ancien rà ©gime France was the France of Armand-Jean du Plessis de Richelieu. Upon entering the French political arena, Richelieu was thrown amidst the struggles of international diplomacy, the devious schemes of the nobility, and the disgruntlement of the common people. Similarly, the unstable Florentine Italy which Niccà ²lo Machiavelli familiarized himself with led both these prominent men to publish their respective works: The Prince by Machiavelli and The Political Testament of Cardinal Richelieu by Richelieu himself. By rejecting conventional morals, disregarding haughty ideals, and promoting ruthless tactics, The†¦show more content†¦The burden of paying taxes fell upon the peasantry since the majority of nobility and high bourgeoisie were either exempt or effortlessly evaded payment. The social distress amongst the peasantry caused by the war taxation resulted in several uprisings between 1636 and 1639, which the Cardinal crushed violently and dealt with the rebels in a harsh manner which Machiavelli would have promoted.# However, when examining to what extent Machiavellis maxims on ruler ship applied to Richelieus own experiences, it is important to understand that a states domestic affairs and its international ones are mutually constitutive. It is apparent that the issue of internal security was crucial and impacted Frances status in the international arena. From 1624-8, Richelieus foreign policy was jeopardized by national concerns: the revolt of the Huguenots and inconveniences resulting from those who directly opposed him within France, specifically the noblesse and the peasantry. With increasingly power-acquiring factions, Richelieu understood that the greater part of educated, intelligent French citizens wished for a sound

Aristotle s Virtue Ethics And Kant s Ethics Essay

Why should I be moral? Arguably, that’s an incredibly difficult task to answer, which in many cases, there is simply no real defined answer to that inquiry (CITE). If that weren’t true, many philosophers, such as Aristotle and Immanuel Kant, wouldn’t have found a need to construct a universal solution. However, where are we today in terms of ethical and moral standpoints? It sounds desirable to proclaim that ancient virtues no longer matter in today’s world, but that’s simply not the case. We, as in humans, use ethics as a reference to our decision making on a daily basis. Whether it’s holding a door for someone or listening to an instructor’s lecture, ethics plays a significant role in everyday life. Although there are many different frameworks, I will only explain the impact of Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics and Kant’s Deontology as well as how they coexist and differentiate in our society. Aristotle was born in 384 B.C.E. i n Stagira, Greece (CITE). As a student of Plato’s Academy, Aristotle often questioned the complexity and practicableness of human nature. He first argued that to perfect morality requires some form of connection with absolute telos, or highest good (CITE). This telos finds ground through a virtuous being, in other words, being virtuous is of the utmost importance (CITE). According to Aristotle, any person can perform virtuous acts, but a virtuous person will have the greater tendency (CITE). However, Aristotle strongly supports that being virtuous can alsoShow MoreRelatedVirtue Ethics : The True Stem Of Moral Character1445 Words   |  6 PagesJiovanni Rodriguez Philosophy 103 2014 December 2nd Virtue Ethics: The True Stem of Moral Character Moral character is what dictates an individual s decision making and affects their experiences throughout their life. A person s morals can be based off one s upbringing and environmental factors. 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Aristotle believed that the goal of human life was to achieve happiness, which is made possible by the cultivation of a justRead MoreEthics, Utilitarianism, Deontology, And Virtue Ethics1415 Words   |  6 PagesIn South Park, South Park illustrates normative ethics in society and people. The characters and scenarios are well scripted to categorize the three main theories of normative ethics; utilitarianism, deontology and virtue ethics. The show constantly di splays the universal mindsets of multiple people within various situations and how one effects the other and the world. Majority of these scenarios, virtue ethics brings about the best results for those within the South Park community and the main charactersRead MoreMoral Theories Can Help Justify The Decisions That Are Made882 Words   |  4 Pageshappiness is a matter of luck (Kantian Ethics 2012). Furthermore, ethics must be both unconditional and universal. 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AfterRead MoreRelativism : Cultural Relativism And Individual Relativism843 Words   |  4 Pagesdepends on a person’s culture, society or his or her group of people. If you believe in relativism, then you think different people can have different views about the question: what is moral and immoral? Likewise, everyone have to choose upon his or her ethics because there are no absolutes. There are two types of relativism: cultural relativism and individual relativism. Cultural relativism stated that an action is right if that action consistent with the current, collective, cul tural, consensus and theRead MoreCultural Relativism : Moral And Immoral846 Words   |  4 Pagesdepends on a person’s culture, society or his or her group of people. If you believe in relativism, then you think different people can have different views about the question: what is moral and immoral? Likewise, everyone have to choose upon his or her ethics because there are no absolutes. There are two types of relativism: cultural relativism and individual relativism. Cultural relativism stated that an action is right if that action consistent with the current, collective, cultural, consensus and theRead More Ethics and Moral Reasoning Essay2112 Words   |  9 PagesAristotles Virtue Ethics Aristotle in his virtue ethics states that a virtuous individual is someone with ideal traits. These characteristic traits normally come from an individual’s innate tendency but should be cultivated. After they are cultivated, these character traits supposedly become stable in an individual. Moral consequentilaists and deontologists are normally concerned with universal doctrines that can be utilized in any situation that requires moral interpretation. Unlike these theorists

Overcoming Communication Barriers free essay sample

Unmet language needs or preferences Unmet language needs or preferences is a communication barrier because if you don’t speak the same language as the service user you won’t be able to understand what the other person is saying and the other person won’t be able to understand you, so there isn’t any communication being made. Linking this to the case study , where the care worker ‘‘Joanne’ asked ‘Mrs Garcia’ if she would like to get washed loudly managing to gain eye contact with her service user, ‘Mrs Garcia’ looks tearfully and says ‘’I sorry , I no understand’’. This is an example of where communication is not being made. Most people will have a preferred first language, so did ‘Mrs Garcia’ who’s preferred language was Spanish. Also the care worker ‘Joanne’ used slang where she said ‘phat’ meaning good the care worker didn’t understand and misunderstood and thought she was calling her fat. To overcome this barrier the care worker may bring in an interpreter or an advocate to communicate or they can ask the service user which language they feel best to communicate or learn the language they speak. The strengths of this strategy would be that the care worker and the service user will be able to communicate effectively, understand each other also the care worker will be able to understand and meet the service users’ needs more better. Sensory impairment and disabilities Sensory impairment such as hearing impairment and visual impairment Is a barrier because if a care taker talks to a person that has a hearing impairment they would need to maybe speak a bit louder in order for them to hear and in order for them to hear they will need to wear a hearing aid. For example a deaf person whose preferred language is British sign language experiences no problems communicating with another person who is good at signing with British sign language. This person may not be able to communicate with people who use spoken English without the aid of an interpreter. An example of this is in the case study the service user Mrs Garcia has a hearing impairment so Joanne needs to talk louder so that Mrs Garcia is able to hear her but the barriers that are stopping communication from being effective is the background noise which in this case is the loud radio and the window that is open which is letting in the noise of the rush hour traffic outside these are all barriers which are making the communication between Joanne and Mrs Garcia ineffective. ‘ Hello Mrs Garcia , how are you today, Mrs Garcia continued to look out the window that is next to her bed , the service user next to Mrs Garcia’s bed has their radio on loudly and the window is open letting noise of traffic inside’. To overcome this barrier you would again have to compensate by putting more focus into non-verbal communication methods such as hand gestures, facial expressions and touch. Also the care worker ‘Joanne’ may make sure that there is no background noise or communicate and talk to Mrs Garcia in a quite area, the strength of this strategy would be effective communication will be made and the service user will able to receive information of the care worker. Another way to overcome this barrier is by making sure that the service user has their hearing aid with them and making sure that it works properly so that it helps the service user to hear better. The strength of this strategy would be that the service user will be able to hear when they are being talked to and will be able to listen and receive information effectively. Communication involving personality or self-esteem needs, or anxiety or depression Communication involving personality, self-esteem, anxiety or depression is a barrier because if you have your own problems then you may find it hard to concentrate and therefore this could cause barriers in communication. For example if you are stressed or upset about something this can lead them to not being able to concentrate on work and the surrounding environment. So care workers sometimes stop listening or try to avoid conversations to hide or ignore their own personal emotions. Linking this to the case study , where Joanne ‘came in the morning and was finding it hard to concentrate this morning as she did not sleep well last night as a family member is very ill and she is therefore feeling tired and worried’. To overcome this barrier the care worker can ask another member of staff to deal with the situation, if they can’t this is better than the care worker going over there who is upset and worried about a situation themselves, as the care worker will find it difficult to send and receive messages, the care worker will also find it hard to communicate and the service user who it is being said to may misunderstand it. The strength of this strategy would be that the other member of staff will be able to communicate with the service user effectively rather than Joanne as she is worried and upset herself, also the care worker is going to be dealing and handling the situation much better than Joanne. Assumptions This is where you judge or say something without giving it any thought and you just assume of what is being said. Assumptions can be a barrier in communication because if you assume of what is being said it could hurt the service user’s feelings as it could come out wrong, and it would lead to misunderstanding the message. An example of this was from the case study ‘Mrs Garcia was very upset or feeling very ill and the care worker ‘Joanne’ assumed that it was the tablets, and said (TDS). This is a barrier as the care worker only assumed she didn’t ask the service user what actually was the matter. To overcome this barrier the care worker should have listened very carefully to the service user and then ask the service user what was wrong. The strength would be that the care worker wouldn’t have misunderstood and knew what the matter was, effective communication would be made, and the service user would have felt a trustworthy relationship with the care worker.

ShakespeareS Social Themes In Taming Of The Screw Essays

Shakespeare'S Social Themes In Taming Of The Screw Greg Graziani 03-05-01 English 283 sect. 08 McLaughlin Shakespeares Social Themes in Taming of the Screw Shakespeares Taming of the Screw is widely viewed as a comical play. But are the views and topics that are expressed really intended to be funny or are they more of a serious concern of Shakespeares that women are mistreated? Throughout this paper I will try to explain that the perspective that Shakespeare is showing is one of concern over sexism and the treatment of women. To understand the sexism and its context is to understand when the play was written and the history of the social system at the time. The play was first presented in the late sixteenth century, the role of the women was not much more than that of service. The privileges of women were virtually non-existent in terms of political and personal rights. The chief purpose of women was to provide children and care for the household. Most marriages were pre arranged or won, and initially had no love based relationship. The women were in a sense used and taken advantage of, they were expected to do what the husband said and agree completely with them. In the play Taming of the Screw, Kate represents a strong minded and individual person who shows no sign of calming. Petruchio, Kates suitor, is a strong minded man bent on controlling and taking away Kates sense of individuality. When the two meet for the first time there doesnt seem to be any attraction between the two. This is illustrated in act two scene one. The conversation of the two is filled with bickering and disagreement. Later in the scene Petruchio plainly states that his purpose is to tame Kate. For I am he am born to tame you, Kate, And bring you from a wild Kate to a Kate conformable as other household Kates,(Shakespeare 47) This statement alone claims that Kate is to forget her own individuality and to conform to the norms of society and preferred behavior. Petruchios aim is to control Kate and develop her mentality and actions to that which pleases him. These actions for the time are not unusual. It was common practice to display control and dominance over your wife at this time. Is Shakespeare merely poking fun at this practice or is he putting it on display and trying to expose the problems with it? If Shakespeare was to more directly show his concern it could have hurt him both personally and professionally, maybe he was all right with the status quo but would have liked to see it changed. As the play goes on Petruchio continues to try and break down Kate in to the women he wants. Petruchio goes on to publicly humiliate Kate and deprive her. He controls her socially, economically, and physically. She is not free to her own decisions and must at least agree with Petruchio. He goes as far as to deprive her of sleep and food. The battle between the two is underway. Which sex will win is at no point is in favor of Kate. It is her fathers will for her to marry Petruchio and to like it as well. Kate is faced with a dilemma, give in and be under Petruchios control or lead a life that will eventually find her dead. Indeed Petruchios sexism is tearing Kate apart. She refuses to be dominated by her husband and continues to fight Petruchios dominating nature. This continues until the fourth act. Then while on a journey back to Petruchios home there seems to be a change of events. Petruchio makes reference to the sun as the moon, Kate initially disagrees but then breaks down in to telling Petruchio that she believes it is whatever Petruchio says it is. Then God be blessed, it is the blessed sun. But sun it is not when you say it is not, and the moon changes even as your mind. What you will have it named, even that it is. And so it will be for Katherine.(Shakespeare 92) How is it that something that is so obviously in Kates favor turns around and ends up favoring Petruchio.